Hypertension, often referred to as high blood pressure, is a significant public health issue that affects a substantial portion of the global population. In Hong Kong, the latest Population Health Survey (PHS) 2020-22 revealed that 29.5% of individuals aged 15-84 have hypertension. This condition is often called a “silent killer” because it typically does not present any overt symptoms in its early stages. As a result, many people are unaware they have hypertension until serious complications arise, such as heart attacks, strokes, or kidney disease.

Understanding Hypertension

Hypertension is a chronic condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure levels. Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps it through the body. When this pressure is consistently high, it can damage the arteries and organs, leading to various health issues. The exact cause of hypertension is often unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development, including age, family history, obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive alcohol consumption.

The Importance of Regular Blood Pressure Checks

One of the most effective ways to manage hypertension is through early detection and regular monitoring. The Hong Kong Reference Framework for Hypertension Care for Adults in Primary Care Settings recommends that adults aged 18 and above have their blood pressure checked at least once every two years. However, the frequency of these checks may need to be increased based on individual factors such as blood pressure levels, age, overall cardiovascular risk profile, and a healthcare provider’s advice. Regular blood pressure checks can help identify hypertension early, allowing for timely intervention and treatment to prevent complications.

Adopting a Healthy Lifestyle

Preventing and controlling hypertension largely depends on adopting a healthy lifestyle. Here are some key steps you can take:

1. Maintain a Healthy Diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help lower blood pressure. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is specifically designed to reduce blood pressure and is recommended by health professionals.

2. Exercise Regularly: Engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity each week can significantly lower blood pressure. Activities such as walking, swimming, and cycling are excellent choices.

3. Manage Weight: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of hypertension. Losing even a small amount of weight can have a significant impact on blood pressure levels.

4. Limit Alcohol and Sodium Intake: Excessive alcohol consumption and high sodium intake can both contribute to high blood pressure. It is recommended to limit alcohol to no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men, and to reduce sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams per day.

5. Quit Smoking: Smoking damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of hypertension. Quitting smoking can improve overall cardiovascular health and lower blood pressure.

Government Initiatives and Support

The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is committed to containing the prevalence of raised blood pressure among the local population. One of the key initiatives is the Chronic Disease Co-Care Pilot Scheme (CDCC Pilot Scheme), which aims to subsidize Hong Kong residents aged 45 and above with no known medical history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus to undergo screening and receive consultation services on a co-payment basis in the private healthcare sector. This scheme not only helps in early detection but also provides essential support and guidance for managing hypertension.

Raising Public Awareness

The Department of Health is actively working to increase public awareness about the importance of healthy living in the prevention and control of hypertension. This includes educational campaigns, community programs, and partnerships with various stakeholders to foster a healthy-enhancing environment. By promoting a comprehensive approach that combines regular health checks, lifestyle modifications, and community support, the goal is to reduce the burden of hypertension and improve the overall health of the population.

Conclusion

Hypertension is a serious condition that requires attention and action. By understanding the risks, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and participating in regular blood pressure checks, individuals can significantly reduce their chances of developing hypertension and its associated complications. The support and initiatives provided by the government and health organizations play a crucial role in this effort, but ultimately, the responsibility lies with each individual to take proactive steps towards a healthier future.