香港通報一宗嬰幼兒輸入性麻疹個案

香港近期确诊一例输入性麻疹病例,再度引发社会对疫苗接种与全球传染病传播的热议,也为国际旅行者敲响公共卫生防护的警钟。卫生防护中心(CHP)证实,该病例涉及一名七个月大男婴,其在境外返港后出现症状,此事件凸显了传染病跨境防控的复杂性。

这名未接种疫苗的幼童于10月1日至12月16日期间身处海外,12月21日因出现典型麻疹皮疹症状被送往明爱医院治疗。由于未达常规接种年龄,患儿尚未接种首剂麻疹疫苗,使其成为易感高危人群。值得注意的是,其同行父母同样未接种疫苗,这更突显了全家免疫接种的重要性。

A map showing measles cases by county in New Mexico and Texas, with clusters indicating outbreaks and imported cases, amid concerns about measles prevention and vaccination in 2025.

当前麻疹疫情呈现全球蔓延态势,北美、欧洲及东南亚等多地相继出现暴发疫情。这种病毒具有极强传染性,单个病例就可能引发连锁传播风险。卫生防护中心总监徐乐坚医生指出,麻疹潜伏期长达7至21天,感染者可在出现明显症状前就成为传染源。

The content outlines three key public health measures to prevent the spread of measles, emphasizing proper hygiene practices and the importance of vaccination.

典型麻疹临床表现为发热、皮疹、咳嗽、流涕及结膜充血。尽管香港两剂麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率逾95%,输入病例仍构成潜在公共卫生威胁。1967年前出生者一般被认为通过自然感染获得免疫,而此后出生未完成两剂接种者则应咨询专业医疗意见。

The content highlights the importance of vaccinating children against measles with two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, recommending the first dose at 12-15 months and the second at 4-6 years, while also addressing the risks of measles from unvaccinated travelers.

防控措施需多管齐下:除疫苗接种外,卫生防护中心建议保持良好的个人卫生习惯、确保居所通风换气、勤加洗手。患者出疹后至少四天应避免上班或上学,以阻断传播链。

A representation of the measles virus in orange and red hues floating against a blue background highlights the importance of vaccination and health measures to prevent outbreaks in 2025.

本例患者在传染期除就医外主要居家活动。卫生防护中心正紧急追踪12月19日曾到访同一私家诊所的高风险接触者,并为未免疫人士提供应急接种服务。

此事件深刻警示:全球化旅行正在加速传染病的跨境传播。即使本地疫苗接种率高企,国际人员流动仍持续为公共卫生体系带来挑战。强烈建议旅行者出境前做到:
– 核验完整疫苗接种记录
– 咨询医疗专业人员了解目的地疫情风险
– 旅途全程做好健康监测
– 出现症状立即就医

通过认知这些风险并采取主动防护措施,旅行者可显著降低感染或传播麻疹等传染病的几率。卫生防护中心对此输入病例的快速响应,彰显了公共卫生监测体系对守护社区健康的关键作用。

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